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README
MulanPSL-2.0

sysMaster 设计思考

背景说明

在所有 Unix 系统中都有一个进程号为 1 的进程。这是操作系统内核完成启动后,执行的第一个用户态应用程序,所以进程号在数值上仅次于 idle 这个特殊进程。

从功能定位上看,init 所负责的最基本功能有两类:

  1. 启停系统服务: 比如 init 负责在启动阶段拉起用户空间的各个守护进程,这个过程需要依赖文件系统挂载、设备发现、网络配置等活动。相应的,在系统关闭或者重启过程中,init 同样要负责关闭网络接口,数据落盘,资源清理,卸载文件系统等等。系统关闭过程的不完善,会影响下一次能否成功启动。
  2. 回收孤儿进程: 在 Unix 系统上,如果父进程比子进程更早退出,子进程成为孤儿的情况下,init 有回收孤儿进程运行状态的责任。

从用户的角度看,回收孤儿进程是个基本功能,这点如果没做到,系统会出现大量僵尸进程,影响系统稳定性。但更重要的还是对系统服务启停的管理。一个优秀的init进程,应该具备快速、可靠的特性。为达成快速的目的,有几个关键的手段:

  • 按需启动:启动时,只启动必须的服务,将其他事务延后到合适的时机(真正需要它的时候),比如更新、上报等服务等到系统空闲的时候再处理。
  • 更多的并行:保持足够高的并发度,最大化的利用CPU、内存、带宽资源,使系统快速行进至登陆界面,而不是白白浪费时间。
  • 保证每个启动脚本的高性能:避免不必要的fork和脚本。

主流init实现方式对比

很多人一直努力地从某些方面改进传统的 init 守护进程,使它变得更完善。有简洁可靠但低效的sysvinit,有高效但略显复杂的systemd。

todo 增加对 Android init 的分析对比

Init软件 说明 启动管理 进程回收 服务管理 并行启动 设备管理 资源控制 日志管理
sysvinit 早期版本使用的初始化进程工具, 逐渐淡出舞台。
upstart debian, Ubuntu等系统使用的initdaemon
systemd 提高系统的启动速度,相比传统的System V是一大革新,已被大多数Linux发行版所使用。

sysmaster设计的目标和约束

设计目标

  • 极高质量: 极致的可靠性,内存安全,永不宕机,消减对业务影响;
  • 极易使用:可以方便的安装/部署/升级/运维;
  • 极度轻量:占用更少的资源,更快的启动速度;
  • 极简架构:更灵活简洁的架构,易于理解、便于运维;
  • 极致安全:保持对进程的跟踪,提供最小的运行环境。

架构图

代码目录结构说明

源码仓库以workspaces方式管理,每一个目录是一个package,每个package包含一个crate(lib或bin形式), 公共lib crate的目录带lib前缀,使用cargo new --lib libtests创建, daemon类型的bin crate的目录以d结尾。

/ (根目录)
|...coms (组件库)
|      |...service (unit type crate)
|      |...socket  (unit type crate)
|      |...target  (unit type crate)
|...libs (对外接口)
|      |...libtest (test lib crate)
|      |...libcgroup (cgroup lib crate)
|...src
|     |...sysmaster (daemon)
|     |...libsysmaster (internal libs)
|     |...udevd (daemon)
|     |...random-seed (bin)
|...tools
|     |...musl_build
|     |...run_with_sd
|...docs

如:

  - lib crate: libs/libevent, libs/libutils
  - bin crate: src/init, src/sysmaster
  - daemon crate: src/udevd, src/logind
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