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README
Apache-2.0

hotswap-classloader: 动态热加载

English | 中文

1. 介绍

hotswap-classloader 是一个基于 JVM 的动态类加载器。它采用 HotSwapWatcher 和 HotSwapClassloader 技术,能够动态检测到 class 文件的修改。这个项目是受 jfinal-undertow 的热加载设计所启发的。 查看参考

主要功能:

  • 实现快速的应用热加载,测试热加载大约在1秒内完成。

加载速度:

  • 集成到 spring-boot 之后,直接在 eclipse 中启动 spring-boot,修改 controller 后按 Ctrl+S 保存。该应用会自动重启并解析 class,整个过程在1秒内完成。

对标产品:

  • springloaded
  • spring-boot-devtools
  • JRebel

2. 整合与使用

2.1 与 spring-boot 的整合

  1. 添加依赖
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.litongjava</groupId>
  <artifactId>hotswap-classloader</artifactId>
  <!--https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/com.litongjava/hotswap-classloader-->
  <version>1.2.2/version>
</dependency>
  1. 添加配置文件
    src/main/resource/ 下创建 config.properties 文件并添加如下内容:
mode=dev
  1. 修改启动类代码
    替换 SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);SpringApplicationWrapper.run(Application.class, args);

示例如下:

package com.litongjava.spring.boot.v216;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import com.litongjava.hotswap.wrapper.spring.boot.SpringApplicationWrapper;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplicationWrapper.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

注意:SpringApplicationWrapper 会读取 config.properties 文件中的 mode 键的值。如果值为 dev,则启动 hotswapwather 监听Class的变化并启用热加载,否则不启用。

完成以上步骤后,你可以参考此工程进行整合:
查看整合后的工程

2.2 整合其他外部框架

在自己的启动了中调用ForkApp.run

//参数 框架启动类,框架启动参数,是否启用热加载,重启类
ForkApp.run(SklearnWebApp.class, args, true, new SelfRestart());

示例

package com.litongjava.tio.boot.djl;

import org.tio.utils.jfinal.P;

import com.litongjava.hotswap.wrapper.forkapp.ForkApp;

public class SklearnWebApp {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    // 初始化服务器并启动服务器
    P.use("app.properties");
//     Diagnostic.setDebug(true);
//    TioApplicationWrapper.run(SklearnWebApp.class, args);
     ForkApp.run(SklearnWebApp.class, args, true, new SelfRestart());
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("started:" + (end - start) + "(ms)");
  }
}

编写SelfRestart实现RestartServer中的方法

package com.litongjava.tio.boot.djl;

import com.litongjava.hotswap.debug.Diagnostic;
import com.litongjava.hotswap.kit.HotSwapUtils;
import com.litongjava.hotswap.server.RestartServer;
import com.litongjava.hotswap.wrapper.forkapp.ForkAppBootArgument;
import com.litongjava.tio.boot.TioApplication;
import com.litongjava.tio.boot.context.Context;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class SelfRestart implements RestartServer {
  public boolean isStarted() {
    return ForkAppBootArgument.getContext().isRunning();
  }

  public void restart() {
    System.err.println("loading");
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

    stop();
    // 获取一个新的ClassLoader
    ClassLoader hotSwapClassLoader = HotSwapUtils.newClassLoader();
    if (Diagnostic.isDebug()) {
      log.info("new classLoader:{}", hotSwapClassLoader);
    }

    // 在启动新的spring-boot应用之前必须设置上下文加载器
    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(hotSwapClassLoader);

    // 获取启动类和启动参数
    Class<?> clazz = ForkAppBootArgument.getBootClazz();
    String[] args = ForkAppBootArgument.getArgs();
    // 启动Application
    start(clazz, args);
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.err.println("Loading complete in " + (end - start) + " ms (^_^)\n");
  }

  @Override
  public void start(Class<?> primarySource, String[] args) {
    Context context = TioApplication.run(primarySource, args);
    ForkAppBootArgument.setContext(context);
  }

  @Override
  public void stop() {
    ForkAppBootArgument.getContext().close();
  }
}

3.开发工具支持

3.1 IDEA 的支持

3.2 IDEA 2021.1.3 的支持

3.2.1 版本信息

IDEA 版本如下:

3.2.2 为何需要热加载配置

HotSwapWatcher 主要是监听 target/classes 下的 class 文件修改来触发热加载。但在 IDEA 中,默认情况下不会自动编译,导致 target/classes 下的文件没有变化。有两种解决办法:

  1. 使用快捷键 Ctrl + F9 触发编译。(在 IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3 (Ultimate Edition) 中测试失败)
  2. 配置 IDEA 开启自动编译,类似 eclipse。

3.2.3 IDEA 的热加载设置

  1. 自动构建项目
    在 settings 中搜索 "compiler",然后勾选 "build project automatically"。

  2. 允许开发应用运行时自动构建
    在 settings 中搜索 "make",然后勾选 "Allow auto-make to start even if developed application is currently running"。

  3. 调整延迟时间
    使用 Ctrl+Shift+Alt+/ 组合键,选择 "Registry...",然后调整以下配置:

  • compiler.automake.postpone.when.idle.less.than:默认是3000,改为100。
  • compiler.automake.trigger.delay:默认值是3000,改为100。
  • compiler.document.save.trigger.delay:默认1500,改为100。
  1. 取消代码自动保存
    在 "File" -> "Settings" -> "Appearance & Behavior" -> "System Settings" 中取消以下选项:
  • 旧版本:取消 "Save files on frame deactivation" 和 "Synchronize files on frame or editor tab activation"。
  • 新版本:取消 "Save files if tab IDE is idle for 10 seconds" 和 "Save file when switching to a different application or a built-in terminal"。
  1. 显示 "modified" 标记
    修改文件后,在代码编辑窗口的 tab 区域会显示一个 "星号" 标记。路径为 "File" -> "Settings" -> "Editor" -> "General" -> "Editor Tabs",然后勾选 "Mark modified(*)"。

完成以上设置后,在 IDEA 中修改文件并保存,文件会自动编译,应用会自动重启并热加载。

注意:当一个包中只有一个 .java 文件时,可能会出现问题。详情请查看 这里

3.3 spring-boot-maven-plugin 支持

如果你想在命令行使用 mvn spring-boot:run 启动 spring-boot 项目,默认的类加载器是 plexus-classworlds。要使用这个类加载器,你需要按照以下步骤配置:

  1. 添加上述依赖。
  2. 修改启动类。
  3. pom.xml 中添加以下配置,使插件支持热启动:
<plugin>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
    <includeSystemScope>true</includeSystemScope>
    <fork>true</fork>
    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
  </configuration>
</plugin>
  1. 使用 mvn spring-boot:run 启动项目。

1.4 Eclipse

不需要设置,原生支持.修改一个Java文件保存后会自动加载.开发体验优于IDEA

1.5 Visual Studio Code

不需要设置,原生支持.修改一个Java文件保存后会自动加载.开发体验优于IDEA

4. 使用效果截图

4.1 Eclipse 测试效果

在 spring-boot 启动后,向 controller 添加一个方法,按 Ctrl+S 保存。HotSwapClassloader 会检测到文件变化,自动重新加载代码,并在大约 0.8 秒内生效。

Eclipse 测试效果

4.2 IDEA 测试效果

在 spring-boot 启动后,向 controller 添加一个方法,按 Ctrl+S 保存。HotSwapClassloader 会检测到文件变化,并自动重新加载代码。但在 IDEA 中,由于编译有约 10 秒的延迟,整个加载过程需要大约 10.8 秒才能完成。

IDEA 测试效果

4.3 命令行测试效果

在命令行使用 mvn spring-boot:run 启动项目后,你可以在 eclipse 或 IDEA 中修改代码进行测试。本测试是基于一个大型项目,正常启动需要 9.5 秒,而热加载则需要 3.4 秒。

点击查看视频效果

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hotswap-classloader 是一个基于 JVM 的动态类加载器 展开 收起
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